{
  "schemaVersion": "1.0.0",
  "slug": "schools",
  "publication": {
    "title": "Schools: The Pipeline",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://www.endthewaitontario.com/investigations/schools",
    "author": "Spencer Carroll",
    "publishedDate": "2026-04-13",
    "modifiedDate": "2026-04-14",
    "verifiedOn": "2026-04-13"
  },
  "legalNote": "This article describes legislation, regulations and public records. It makes no allegation of unlawful conduct against any person or organization named in it. Quotations are reproduced from the cited sources.",
  "methodologyNote": "Built from enacted legislation and regulations, Financial Accountability Office reports, municipal council records, law-firm commentary on the statutes, and published media reporting. No unnamed sources. Every figure is verified against the cited record. Corrections within 24 hours at endthewaitontario.com/corrections.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "id": "legislation",
      "label": "Legislation",
      "sourceIds": [
        "sch-bill-98",
        "sch-oreg-374-23",
        "sch-bill-101"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "financial",
      "label": "Financial",
      "sourceIds": [
        "sch-fao-capital-2024",
        "sch-fao-spending-2025",
        "sch-ccpa-2025"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "property",
      "label": "Property",
      "sourceIds": [
        "sch-renx",
        "sch-cbc-tdsb-renew",
        "sch-toronto-council-ex13-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "supervisors",
      "label": "Supervisors",
      "sourceIds": [
        "sch-harrington-place",
        "sch-ontario-tdsb-investigation",
        "sch-cbc-supervisors-2025",
        "sch-torontotoday-tlc"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "legal",
      "label": "Legal",
      "sourceIds": [
        "sch-blg",
        "sch-gowling",
        "sch-hicks-morley",
        "sch-miller-thomson"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "grant-alternative-school",
      "label": "Grant Alternative School",
      "sourceIds": [
        "sch-cbc-ottawa-ocdsb-sale",
        "sch-ctv-ottawa-school-sale"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "greenbelt-parallel",
      "label": "Greenbelt parallel",
      "sourceIds": [
        "sch-ag-greenbelt-2023",
        "sch-cbc-rcmp-greenbelt",
        "sch-national-observer-413"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "sch-bill-98",
      "title": "Bill 98, Better Schools and Student Outcomes Act, 2023",
      "href": "https://www.ola.org/en/legislative-business/bills/parliament-43/session-1/bill-98",
      "publisher": "Legislative Assembly of Ontario",
      "published": "2023",
      "primary": true,
      "evidenceKind": "primary-document"
    },
    {
      "id": "sch-oreg-374-23",
      "title": "O. Reg. 374/23",
      "href": "https://www.ontario.ca/laws/docs/230374_e.doc",
      "publisher": "Government of Ontario",
      "published": "2023",
      "primary": true,
      "evidenceKind": "primary-document"
    },
    {
      "id": "sch-bill-101",
      "title": "Bill 101, Putting Student Achievement First Act, 2026",
      "href": "https://www.ola.org/en/legislative-business/bills/parliament-44/session-1/bill-101",
      "publisher": "Legislative Assembly of Ontario",
      "published": "Tabled April 13, 2026",
      "primary": true,
      "evidenceKind": "primary-document"
    },
    {
      "id": "sch-fao-capital-2024",
      "title": "FAO Capital Dec 2024",
      "href": "https://fao-on.org/en/report/school-boards-capital-2024/",
      "publisher": "Financial Accountability Office of Ontario",
      "published": "December 2024",
      "primary": true,
      "evidenceKind": "government-data"
    },
    {
      "id": "sch-fao-spending-2025",
      "title": "FAO Spending 2025",
      "href": "https://fao-on.org/en/report/estimates-2025-edu/",
      "publisher": "Financial Accountability Office of Ontario",
      "published": "2025",
      "primary": true,
      "evidenceKind": "government-data"
    },
    {
      "id": "sch-ccpa-2025",
      "title": "CCPA June 2025",
      "href": "https://www.policyalternatives.ca/news-research/ontario-has-underfunded-schools-by-6-3-billion-since-2018/",
      "publisher": "Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives",
      "published": "June 2025",
      "primary": false,
      "evidenceKind": "analysis"
    },
    {
      "id": "sch-renx",
      "title": "Public lands part II: CreateTO and Toronto Lands Corp",
      "href": "https://renx.ca/public-lands-part-ii-createto-and-toronto-lands-corp",
      "publisher": "RENX",
      "primary": false,
      "evidenceKind": "secondary-source"
    },
    {
      "id": "sch-cbc-tdsb-renew",
      "title": "TDSB could get up to $1B to renew, build schools",
      "href": "https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/tdsb-potential-1b-renew-build-schools-1.6262317",
      "publisher": "CBC News",
      "primary": false,
      "evidenceKind": "secondary-source"
    },
    {
      "id": "sch-toronto-council-ex13-2",
      "title": "Toronto Council 2024.EX13.2",
      "href": "https://secure.toronto.ca/council/agenda-item.do?item=2024.EX13.2",
      "publisher": "City of Toronto",
      "published": "2024",
      "primary": true,
      "evidenceKind": "primary-record"
    },
    {
      "id": "sch-harrington-place",
      "title": "Harrington Place Advisors",
      "href": "https://www.harringtonplaceadvisors.com/",
      "publisher": "Harrington Place Advisors",
      "primary": false,
      "evidenceKind": "secondary-source"
    },
    {
      "id": "sch-ontario-tdsb-investigation",
      "title": "Toronto District School Board financial investigation",
      "href": "https://www.ontario.ca/page/toronto-district-school-board-financial-investigation",
      "publisher": "Government of Ontario",
      "primary": true,
      "evidenceKind": "primary-record"
    },
    {
      "id": "sch-cbc-supervisors-2025",
      "title": "Ontario government appoints supervisors for 4 school boards",
      "href": "https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/ontario-government-supervisors-4-school-boards-1.7572705",
      "publisher": "CBC News",
      "published": "June 2025",
      "primary": false,
      "evidenceKind": "secondary-source"
    },
    {
      "id": "sch-torontotoday-tlc",
      "title": "Increased secrecy at TDSB’s Toronto Lands Corporation worries trustees",
      "href": "https://www.torontotoday.ca/local/education/increased-secrecy-tdsb-toronto-land-corporation-worries-trustees-real-estate-11480998",
      "publisher": "TorontoToday",
      "primary": false,
      "evidenceKind": "secondary-source"
    },
    {
      "id": "sch-blg",
      "title": "New acquisition and disposition process for school board property in Ontario",
      "href": "https://www.blg.com/en/insights/2024/03/new-acquisition-and-disposition-process-for-school-board-property-in-ontario",
      "publisher": "Borden Ladner Gervais",
      "published": "March 2024",
      "primary": false,
      "evidenceKind": "analysis"
    },
    {
      "id": "sch-gowling",
      "title": "Ontario ministry takeover of school boards",
      "href": "https://gowlingwlg.com/en-ca/insights-resources/articles/2025/ontario-ministry-takeover-school-boards",
      "publisher": "Gowling WLG",
      "published": "2025",
      "primary": false,
      "evidenceKind": "analysis"
    },
    {
      "id": "sch-hicks-morley",
      "title": "Bill 98, Better Schools and Student Outcomes Act, 2023 receives Royal Assent",
      "href": "https://hicksmorley.com/2023/07/05/bill-98-better-schools-and-student-outcomes-act-2023-receives-royal-assent/",
      "publisher": "Hicks Morley",
      "published": "July 2023",
      "primary": false,
      "evidenceKind": "analysis"
    },
    {
      "id": "sch-miller-thomson",
      "title": "Changes to real property matters under the Education Act",
      "href": "https://www.millerthomson.com/en/insights/education/changes-real-property-matters-education-act/",
      "publisher": "Miller Thomson",
      "primary": false,
      "evidenceKind": "analysis"
    },
    {
      "id": "sch-cbc-ottawa-ocdsb-sale",
      "title": "Councillor, MPP slam private sale of former OCDSB school",
      "href": "https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/councillor-mpp-slam-private-sale-of-former-ocdsb-school-9.7083608",
      "publisher": "CBC Ottawa",
      "primary": false,
      "evidenceKind": "secondary-source"
    },
    {
      "id": "sch-ctv-ottawa-school-sale",
      "title": "Former Ottawa public school for sale",
      "href": "https://www.ctvnews.ca/ottawa/article/former-ottawa-public-school-for-sale/",
      "publisher": "CTV News Ottawa",
      "primary": false,
      "evidenceKind": "secondary-source"
    },
    {
      "id": "sch-ag-greenbelt-2023",
      "title": "Special Report on Changes to the Greenbelt",
      "href": "https://www.auditor.on.ca/en/content/specialreports/specialreports/Greenbelt_en.pdf",
      "publisher": "Office of the Auditor General of Ontario",
      "published": "August 2023",
      "primary": true,
      "evidenceKind": "primary-record"
    },
    {
      "id": "sch-cbc-rcmp-greenbelt",
      "title": "RCMP opens criminal investigation into Greenbelt land swap",
      "href": "https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/rcmp-criminal-investigation-ford-greenbelt-1.6991595",
      "publisher": "CBC News",
      "published": "October 10, 2023",
      "primary": false,
      "evidenceKind": "secondary-source"
    },
    {
      "id": "sch-national-observer-413",
      "title": "Developers with ties to Ford government benefit from Highway 413",
      "href": "https://www.nationalobserver.com/2021/04/03/investigations/developers-ties-ford-government-benefit-highway-413",
      "publisher": "National Observer",
      "published": "April 3, 2021",
      "primary": false,
      "evidenceKind": "secondary-source"
    }
  ]
}