The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) is a low-tech, evidence-based approach where children exchange picture cards to communicate, developed by Frost and Bondy (1994). Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) devices are high-tech speech-generating devices or tablet apps. PECS is typically introduced first for young or early communicators; AAC devices suit children ready for more complex language. Both are covered under OAP when prescribed by a speech-language pathologist.
Start with the short answer, then reveal deeper context where helpful.
PECS is a structured six-phase communication system where children learn to exchange picture cards for desired items. Developed by Lori Frost and Andy Bondy in 1994, it uses ABA principles (reinforcement, prompting, shaping) to build functional communication. Research meta-analysis by Flippin et al. (2010) supports PECS effectiveness for increasing communication initiations in autistic children.
High-tech AAC includes dedicated speech-generating devices (SGDs) and tablet-based communication apps like Proloquo2Go, TouchChat, and LAMP Words for Life. These tools allow for more complex language expression, including multi-word sentences, questions, and comments. Costs range from free apps to $8,000+ for dedicated devices.
PECS is a structured six-phase communication system where children learn to exchange picture cards for desired items. Developed by Lori Frost and Andy Bondy in 1994, it uses ABA principles (reinforcement, prompting, shaping) to build functional communication. Research meta-analysis by Flippin et al. (2010) supports PECS effectiveness for increasing communication initiations in autistic children.
PECS is low-cost (starter kits around $200-$400), requires no technology, and can be used across settings. It is often a first-step communication system for children who are pre-verbal or early in their communication development. The structured phases (from single picture exchanges to sentence strips) provide a clear learning progression.
High-tech AAC includes dedicated speech-generating devices (SGDs) and tablet-based communication apps like Proloquo2Go, TouchChat, and LAMP Words for Life. These tools allow for more complex language expression, including multi-word sentences, questions, and comments. Costs range from free apps to $8,000+ for dedicated devices.
Under OAP, AAC devices and apps can be funded through the childhood budget when recommended by a speech-language pathologist (SLP) as part of the therapy plan. The Ontario Assistive Devices Program (ADP) may also cover a portion of dedicated SGD costs. A thorough AAC assessment by a qualified SLP is essential to match the device to the child's motor, cognitive, and communication profile.
Research
Flippin et al. (2010), "Effectiveness of the PECS for Children with ASD: A Meta-Analysis," American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 19(2), 178-195
MCCSS
Ontario Autism Program Service Guidelines — Speech-Language Pathology (2024)
Overview of SLP approaches for autism: traditional articulation, AAC, social pragmatic, and PROMPT. Learn OAP coverage, costs, and how to choose.
PROMPT is an SLP technique for motor speech planning difficulties. Learn who benefits, how it works, and OAP coverage for speech-language pathology.
Yes, OAP core clinical childhood budgets cover ABA therapy through approved providers. Learn coverage amounts, wait times, and private ABA cost alternatives.
Commitment to Accuracy: Our data is verified against official government reports (FAO, MCCSS), peer-reviewed scientific literature, and accessible public records. Last updated: March 24, 2026.
Verified Facts
88,175, children are registered in the Ontario Autism Program
According to the FAO (2020 report), OAP funding covers less than one-third of estimated need at 2018-19 service levels
WHO recommends accessible, community-based early interventions for children with autism — timely evidence-based psychosocial interventions improve communication and social engagement
1 in 50, According to the 2019 Canadian Health Survey on Children and Youth, about children and youth aged 1 to 17 in Canada had an autism diagnosis
23.4%, Only 20,666 children have active funding agreements () — less than one in four