Direct answer
The Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) is a naturalistic, play-based early intervention for autistic children aged 12 months to 5 years. ESDM combines ABA learning principles with a child-centred, relationship-based approach. Strong RCT evidence (Rogers et al., Pediatrics 2010). ESDM is OAP-eligible when included in a funded Core Clinical Services plan. Find certified providers through the UC Davis MIND Institute registry at earlystart.ucdavis.edu.
The Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) was developed by Dr. Sally Rogers and Dr. Geraldine Dawson at the UC Davis MIND Institute. It is designed for children from 12 months to 5 years and blends Applied Behaviour Analysis learning principles with a child-centred, relationship-based framework.
Sessions happen in natural settings — your home, a daycare, a park — rather than a clinical table setup. The therapist follows the child's lead in play while embedding communication, cognitive, and motor learning targets into enjoyable interactions.
Intensity matters: ESDM is most effective at 20+ hours per week for toddlers. Lower intensity (5-10 hours) is used in combination with parent coaching to extend learning into everyday routines.
ESDM has one of the strongest early-intervention evidence records in autism research. Rogers et al. (2010), Pediatrics: Randomized controlled trial showing significant gains in IQ, language, and adaptive behaviour versus community intervention at age 2.
Cochrane systematic reviews show positive findings for language and cognitive outcomes in toddlers. Most rigorous evidence applies to children under 5. Evidence for older children is more limited, so another approach may fit better once a child is school-aged.
Most rigorous evidence applies to children under 5. Evidence for older children is more limited — other approaches may be better suited once a child is school-aged.
OAP Core Clinical Services fund evidence-based ABA approaches. ESDM qualifies. If your child's individualized funded plan includes ESDM, OAP will cover the service. Confirm delivery details with your AccessOAP service coordinator. Private ESDM costs are typically $80–$150 per hour. Intensive ESDM at 20+ hours per week reaches approximately $40,000–$80,000 per year out-of-pocket.
ESDM certification is issued by the UC Davis MIND Institute or their licensed trainers. Certification levels: Therapist, Senior Therapist, Supervisor, and Trainer. The official certified-provider directory is at earlystart.ucdavis.edu/esdm.html.
When evaluating a provider, ask: What level of ESDM certification do you hold? How many hours per week do you recommend for my child's age and profile? How do you involve parents in the program?
UC Davis MIND Institute
Early Start Denver Model — certification and provider registry
Pediatrics
Rogers et al. (2010) randomized controlled trial of ESDM
Cochrane
Systematic review supporting ESDM for early autism intervention
What DIR Floortime is, evidence base, certified Ontario providers, and OAP funding status for this developmental relationship-based autism approach.
ABA therapy in Ontario typically costs $50–$80/hr for RBTs and $100–$180/hr for BCBAs. How OAP funding compares and what families pay privately.
BACB clinical guidelines recommend 20-40 hours/week for intensive ABA and 10-15 hours/week for focused ABA. Learn which intensity is right for your child.
Commitment to Accuracy: Our data is verified against official government reports (FAO, MCCSS), peer-reviewed scientific literature, and accessible public records. Last updated: March 24, 2026.
How many children are on the Ontario autism waitlist in 2026?
As of May 13, 2026, 91,974 children are registered with the Ontario Autism Program. However, only 20,711 (22.5%) have an active Core Funding Agreement. This represents ~300% growth in registrations since 2019, with 71,263 children still waiting for essential funding.
Source: MCCSS FOI via OAC · Mar 2026, FAO Report 2024 · Verify Link
Written by Spencer Carroll
Founder & Autism Advocate